Understanding the New Amendments to UK Sanctions on Syria

The UK government has introduced new amendments to the Syria (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, with significant changes in response to the fall of the Assad regime in December 2024. These changes, detailed in the Syria (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) Regulations 2025, aim to adapt the UK’s stance on Syria, reflecting the new political landscape and encouraging economic recovery.

Key Highlights:

1. Purpose Alignment with Current Context:

   • The original sanctions imposed in 2019 were aimed at the Assad regime’s actions. With the regime no longer in power, the amendments clarify that the regulations now target individuals and entities responsible for past human rights violations.
   • The legislation allows the Secretary of State to impose further sanctions if renewed conflict or oppression occurs.

2. Sanctions Revoked:

   • The amendments revoke certain sanctions related to energy, transportation (particularly aircraft), financial transactions, and specific trade restrictions. These changes aim to support Syria’s economic recovery by lifting restrictions that no longer serve their original purpose.

3. Focus on Human Rights and Governance:

   • The updated purposes include promoting peace, stability, and democracy in Syria. They emphasize protecting human rights and ensuring accountability for serious violations committed by the former regime.

4. Economic Opportunities:

   • The lifting of certain sanctions may open up new trade and investment opportunities for UK businesses. However, the impact on UK growth is expected to be minor due to the current size of the Syrian economy.

5. Legal and Policy Updates:

   • The instrument also revises the definition of the governing authority in Syria, ensuring that sanctions reflect current governance rather than the defunct Assad regime.
   • Remaining sanctions focus on preventing the trade of military goods and technology, chemical and biological weapons, and maintaining restrictions on the provision of interception and monitoring services.

6. Consultation and Impact:

   • No new public consultation was undertaken for these amendments, as previous consultations covered the necessary legal frameworks.
   • The government anticipates no significant impact on UK businesses or the public sector, as existing humanitarian aid provisions remain in place.

This legislative update demonstrates the UK’s commitment to adapting its foreign policy tools to reflect changing international realities, ensuring ongoing support for human rights and economic recovery in Syria.